Big Oak Flat CA

Big Oak Flat was first established as a mining camp in 1848 by James Savage as part of Savage Diggins (which included Garrote, now known as Groveland) and only stayed a short time before leading his Indian "proteges" higher in the mountains. A young prospector by the name of Rufus Keys is said to have spearheaded the invasion of what would be six thousand miners to Savage Diggins. The mining camp grew and became a settlement. A trading post soon opened and Rufus Keys brought the first mail delivery by pack animal (from Chinese Camp). Other businesses soon followed.

The wagon road from Chinese Camp was completed to Big Oak Flat in 1856. The first real stagecoach arrived at Big Oak Flat from Chinese Camp in 1859. The town bloomed from 1859 to 1863, reaching a population of around 3,000 to 5,000 people. Big Oak Flat was incorporated as a city in 1861. It had four hotels, a large brick theater seating up to 800 people, and many crowded saloons. A fire in 1863 all but wiped out Big Oak Flat. Its Chinatown was burned down and the entire business section (except the stone-built Gilbert and Gamble store) wiped out. Big Oak Flat city incorporation ceased in 1864. Like other mining towns, Big Oak Flat was rebuilt. The large oak tree which gave the town its name was badly damaged. The final act that finally killed the tree were the miners who pulled up the dirt around its roots where gold was believed to be buried.

Big Oak Flat rebuilt. The road passing through town on the its way to Yosemite was paved in the 1920s. Its prosperity and lack of prosperity was dependent on the miners and mines. The last prosperous period ended in 1942. Big Oak Flat went into a steady decline. Gold Rush buildings that survived into the mid-1950s disappeared over the years until only two still stood to the present.

Tuolumne County
Population: 258 (based on a sign since census counts its population with Groveland's)
Elevation: 2,552 ft.

Dates visited: May 1, 2020 and August 7, 2020

[Picture of Big Oak Flat historical plaque]

[Picture of Big Oak Flat gold rush buildings, Oddfellows Hall in foreground and Gamble Block behind]

Big Oak Flat roadside shrine

The roadside shrine with the Big Oak Flat historical plaque is located near where the grand old oak that gave the community its name stood. The 1863 fire damaged the old oak, but the tree was finally destroyed by miners greedily digging at its roots looking for gold.

[Picture of Big Oak Flat roadside shrine]

Oddfellows Hall

Built in the 1950s of dressed schist slabs, the Oddfellows Hall was originally two separate buildings. The eastern half was constructed circa 1852 and housed Kent and Grant's Mercantile. A Well Fargo express office operated out of this store from the 1850s to 1868. The slightly smaller western half was built in 1854 for Michael Gilbert's grocery store. Both buildings survived the 1863 fire, but not the original Oddfellows Hall. The Oddfellows bought Grant's Store in 1868 for a meeting hall and then bought the Gilbert Store sometime in the 1880s. The second story was added in 1924.

[Picture of Oddfellows Hall]

[Picture of Oddfellows Hall front]

[Picture of Oddfellows Hall west side]

[Picture of Oddfellows Hall east side]

[Picture of Oddfellows Memorial]

Gamble Jail and Miner Bean Kettle

Attached at the western end of the Gamble Building (see below) is jail room which came into service after the 1863 fire. Prior to the fire, the cell would have been located in the frame building of N.T.Cody's Apothecary (according to one source) or (according to another) John Repetto (born 1830 in Italy, died 1898) and Chase, makers of boots and shoes. It has also been said that the building housed the first post office in 1852 with Joesph W. Britton as postmaster. That building likely did not survive the 1863 fire. Lewis Costa acquired the jailhouse around 1870, which now had a small frame building attached to it. In 1879, Raggio purchased the one roon jail and wood frame building from Costa for his residence until 1901 when he moved into the Cobden House (see below). Edward Cobden acquired the jailhouse and associated wood frame building in 1925 and rented out the building, which became Miner's Bean Kettle restaurant. The restaurant operated into the 1940s. It was dismantled in 2014 and all pieces preserved as the building was deemed unsafe.

[Picture of Gamble Jail]

[Picture of Gamble Jail inside]

[Picture of Gamble Jail inside wall]

[Picture of Gamble Jail rear window]

[Picture of Gamble Jail hole in floor]

[Picture of Miner's Bean Kettle sign]

Gamble Building

This building complex was completed in 1852 for the successful Gold Rush merchant, Alexander Gamble, and is located near (or possibly on) Savage's Trading Post. The building housed three separate stores within its schist stone walls.

The western store was first run as a general merchandise store by J.D. Murphy and Luigi Marconi (born 1827 or 1829 in Italy), who later bought Gamble's interest in this part of the building in the late 1860s. In 1862, Luigi Marconi was married to Emanuella Antonini (born 1847 in Italy). Marconi died on May 6, 1876. The western store later came under the ownership of Joseph Raggio (born 1838 in Genoa) in 1879 and became the Raggio Store. Joseph passed away on July 18, 1920, leaving his wife, Emanuellea (Antonini) Marconi Raggio to live alone in the building for a time. She passed away on August 20, 1923.

The center store was first occupied by Dominic Cuneo and acquired in 1879. Later, the center store was run by Noziglia and then rented to a Mr. Cody and to a Colonel Roote who ran a drug store. Victor Repetto (born October 10, 1872; died July 13, 1936), cobbler and postmaster, purchased the middle store from Cuneo in 1907. Repetto retained his ownership until his death when it passed to his sisters.

The Gamble family retained the eastern store, which contained the express office of Wells Fargo (1868-1893). The post office was locate in the store as well with William Ulrich serving as both Wells Fargo agent and postmaster. It also served at times as a justice court. In 1899, Thomas Reid bought the eastern store from John Gamble. The store was rented to Raggio. Reid sold his interest to Raggio and Marconi in 1917, which enabled Raggio to surround Repetto's shoe shop.

[Picture of Gamble Building]

[Picture of Gamble Building side and sidewalk]

[Picture of Gamble Building rear]

Cobden House

Earlier known as the Raggio House or "Yellow House", the Cobden House was built by Edward Cobden in 1900-1901. Cobden (born October 1, 1872) built a couple of other houses in Groveland around this time. He had married Louisa Alice Marconi (born June 2, 1870), daughter of Luigi Marconi and Emanuella Antonini, sometime before 1899. Louisa Alice died on July 22, 1941 and Edward died on August 10, 1946. The Cobden family donated the house to the South Tuolumne County Historical Society (STCHS) in 2007. The restored house was opened in 2016.

[Picture of Cobden House]

[Picture of Cobden House rear]

[Picture of Historical preservation sign]

Our Lady of Mt Carmel Catholic Cemetery

Our Lady of Mt Carmel Catholic Church was built on a small knoll east of town in 1860. It survived the 1863 fire. The church was extensively refurbished in 1977. The Catholic cemetery stands in front of the church.

[Picture of Our Lady of Mt Carmel Catholic Church]

[Picture of Giulio Cuneo grave]

[Picture of Luigi Marconi grave]

[Picture of Martinez grave]

[Picture of Michael Whalan grave]

[Picture of Raggio Marconi grave]